The 1991 BMW M5, part of the E34 generation, stands as a legendary sports sedan. Produced from 1988 to 1996, this M5 is celebrated for its hand-built engine and understated yet potent performance. As the second generation M5, it offered a refined driving experience with a powerful naturally aspirated inline-six. Its popularity stems from being one of the last true driver's cars before electronic aids dominated, offering a raw and engaging connection to the road. Pricing when new was premium, and used prices now reflect its collector status.
The Good
The 1991 BMW M5 excels with its exhilarating performance thanks to its potent engine, balanced handling, and rewarding driving dynamics. Its classic, timeless design appeals to enthusiasts, while surprisingly comfortable and well-appointed interiors cater to practicality. It offers a significant value for those seeking an iconic performance car that remains a joy to drive and own.
The Bad
Known weaknesses for the 1991 BMW M5 include potential electrical gremlins, aging cooling systems, and the need for diligent maintenance, especially on the engine and drivetrain. Rust can be a concern on older examples, and finding specialized parts or mechanics can be challenging and costly.
1991 BMW M5: Quick Overview
- Engine: The 1991 BMW M5 exclusively featured a 3.6-liter S38B36 inline-six engine. This naturally aspirated powerhouse was known for its robust construction and thrilling performance characteristics.
- Horsepower: The S38B36 engine produced approximately 310 horsepower at 6,900 rpm. This was a significant output for a naturally aspirated engine of its era.
- Torque: Peak torque was around 265 lb-ft at 4,750 rpm, providing strong mid-range pull.
- Fuel Economy: Expect relatively modest fuel economy, typical for a performance-oriented vehicle of this vintage. Official EPA estimates for combined city/highway driving were often in the low teens (e.g., around 13-15 MPG), with city driving significantly lower.
- 0-60 Times: Acceleration figures for the 1991 M5 were impressive for its time, typically ranging from 5.7 to 6.1 seconds. This placed it firmly in sports car territory.
- Towing Capacity: The BMW M5 is not designed or intended for towing. It does not have a towing capacity rating.
- Transmission: A 5-speed manual transmission was the only option, reinforcing its driver-focused nature.
- Drivetrain: Rear-wheel drive.
- Suspension: Sport-tuned independent suspension with adaptive damping (EDC - Electronic Damper Control) was a key feature, allowing drivers to adjust ride stiffness.
- Brakes: Four-wheel disc brakes, often ventilated at the front, provided strong stopping power.
- Trim-Level Features: Standard features included leather upholstery, power-adjustable front seats with memory, automatic climate control, a premium sound system, power windows and locks, heated mirrors, and a sunroof. The M Sport package often included specific badging, unique wheels, and sportier interior trim.
- Body Style: Available exclusively as a 4-door sedan.
- Weight: Approximately 3,800 - 4,000 lbs, contributing to its planted feel on the road.
1991 BMW M5 Specifications
Vehicle Information
| Year | 1991 |
| Make | BMW |
| Model | M5 |
| Trim | - |
| Style | - |
| Type | Sedan |
| Category | Compact Car |
Manufacturing Details
| Made In | Germany |
| Manufacturing City | - |
Dimensions
| Doors | 4-Door |
| Curb Weight | 3804 pounds |
| Gross Vehicle Weight Rating | - |
| Overall Height | 54.80 inches |
| Overall Length | 185.80 inches |
| Overall Width | 68.90 inches |
| Wheelbase Length | 108.70 inches |
| Standard Seating | 5 |
Engine & Performance
| Engine | 3.5-L L-6 DOHC 24V |
| Engine Size | 3.5L |
| Engine Cylinders | 6 |
| Transmission | 5-Speed Manual |
| Transmission Type | Manual |
| Transmission Speeds | 5-Speed |
| Drivetrain | Rear-Wheel Drive |
Additional Features
| Anti-Brake System | 4-Wheel ABS |
| Steering Type | Recirculating |
Pricing
| Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price (MSRP) | $57,600 |
| Invoice Price | - |
| Delivery Charges | - |
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What Problems Does the 1991 BMW M5 Have?
The 1991 BMW M5, while generally well-built, is a classic performance car and comes with its share of potential issues as it ages. One of the most frequently reported concerns revolves around its cooling system. Radiators can develop leaks, water pumps may fail, and hoses can become brittle, leading to overheating if not diligently maintained. The dual-mass flywheel, while contributing to smoother engagement, can wear out over time and be an expensive replacement.
Electrical gremlins are also not uncommon in E34-generation BMWs, including the M5. Issues with the Motronic engine management system, instrument cluster failures, and malfunctioning power accessories can arise. The Automatic Stability Control (ASC) system, if equipped, can also be a source of trouble.
The S38 engine, while robust, requires meticulous maintenance. Valve adjustments should be performed regularly. Misfires can occur due to failing ignition coils or spark plug wires. Some owners have reported issues with the VANOS (Variable Valve Timing) system, though this was more prevalent in later iterations of M engines, the E34 M5 did not have VANOS.
Rust is a significant concern for older vehicles, and the E34 chassis is susceptible, particularly around the rear wheel arches, rocker panels, and battery tray area. Thorough inspection for rust is paramount when considering a purchase.
While there haven't been widespread, model-year specific recalls that are particularly concerning for the 1991 model, standard maintenance items like replacing suspension bushings, control arms, and shocks are expected due to age and mileage. Long-term reliability hinges heavily on how well the car has been maintained. A meticulously serviced M5 can offer dependable performance, but neglect can lead to costly repairs. It's crucial to look for a well-documented maintenance history.
Electrical gremlins are also not uncommon in E34-generation BMWs, including the M5. Issues with the Motronic engine management system, instrument cluster failures, and malfunctioning power accessories can arise. The Automatic Stability Control (ASC) system, if equipped, can also be a source of trouble.
The S38 engine, while robust, requires meticulous maintenance. Valve adjustments should be performed regularly. Misfires can occur due to failing ignition coils or spark plug wires. Some owners have reported issues with the VANOS (Variable Valve Timing) system, though this was more prevalent in later iterations of M engines, the E34 M5 did not have VANOS.
Rust is a significant concern for older vehicles, and the E34 chassis is susceptible, particularly around the rear wheel arches, rocker panels, and battery tray area. Thorough inspection for rust is paramount when considering a purchase.
While there haven't been widespread, model-year specific recalls that are particularly concerning for the 1991 model, standard maintenance items like replacing suspension bushings, control arms, and shocks are expected due to age and mileage. Long-term reliability hinges heavily on how well the car has been maintained. A meticulously serviced M5 can offer dependable performance, but neglect can lead to costly repairs. It's crucial to look for a well-documented maintenance history.
How long will the 1991 BMW M5 last?
Estimating average mileage for a 1991 BMW M5 is challenging due to its enthusiast appeal, meaning some are preserved as low-mileage collectibles while others are driven enthusiastically. However, well-maintained examples that have seen regular use could reasonably have between 150,000 to 250,000 miles.
The long-term durability of the S38 engine is excellent, provided it receives consistent and high-quality oil changes and other regular maintenance. These engines are built to last hundreds of thousands of miles when cared for. Weaknesses that emerge over time often relate to rubber and plastic components, such as suspension bushings, intake hoses, and cooling system parts, which degrade with age. The clutch and flywheel are wear items that will eventually need replacement, especially in higher-mileage cars or those driven hard. Bodywork and electrical systems can also be points of concern over extended periods.
The long-term durability of the S38 engine is excellent, provided it receives consistent and high-quality oil changes and other regular maintenance. These engines are built to last hundreds of thousands of miles when cared for. Weaknesses that emerge over time often relate to rubber and plastic components, such as suspension bushings, intake hoses, and cooling system parts, which degrade with age. The clutch and flywheel are wear items that will eventually need replacement, especially in higher-mileage cars or those driven hard. Bodywork and electrical systems can also be points of concern over extended periods.
What Technology & Safety Features are Included?
The 1991 BMW M5, while a performance icon, reflects the technology and safety standards of its era, focusing more on driver engagement than complex electronic suites.
Tech & Entertainment: Standard equipment included a premium audio system, typically with an AM/FM radio, cassette player, and a modest number of speakers. Power windows, power locks, and power mirrors were standard. A digital trip computer provided basic vehicle information. The climate control system was typically automatic, offering set-and-forget convenience. Optional features might have included a CD player, though this was less common and often an aftermarket addition. The focus was on a functional, driver-oriented cockpit rather than flashy infotainment.
Driver-Assistance Features: Driver-assistance technologies as we know them today were virtually non-existent. The primary driver-assistance feature was the car's advanced chassis and suspension tuning, designed to provide predictable handling. Some models were equipped with Automatic Stability Control (ASC), which could intervene to limit engine power if wheel spin was detected, though this was a relatively basic system compared to modern traction control. Cruise control was also available.
Safety Features: Standard safety equipment included anti-lock brakes (ABS), which were a significant advancement for the time. The car featured a robust steel unibody construction. Airbags were not standard equipment in 1991 for this model; driver and passenger airbags became more common in later years of the E34 generation. Crumple zones were designed into the body structure to absorb impact energy. Seatbelts were, of course, standard.
Crash-Test Ratings: Official crash-test ratings from organizations like the NHTSA or IIHS for the 1991 BMW M5 are not readily available in the same comprehensive format as modern vehicles. However, the E34 platform, in general, was considered a safe car for its time, benefiting from BMW's engineering and focus on structural integrity. Its weight and solid construction would have provided a degree of protection in impacts.
Tech & Entertainment: Standard equipment included a premium audio system, typically with an AM/FM radio, cassette player, and a modest number of speakers. Power windows, power locks, and power mirrors were standard. A digital trip computer provided basic vehicle information. The climate control system was typically automatic, offering set-and-forget convenience. Optional features might have included a CD player, though this was less common and often an aftermarket addition. The focus was on a functional, driver-oriented cockpit rather than flashy infotainment.
Driver-Assistance Features: Driver-assistance technologies as we know them today were virtually non-existent. The primary driver-assistance feature was the car's advanced chassis and suspension tuning, designed to provide predictable handling. Some models were equipped with Automatic Stability Control (ASC), which could intervene to limit engine power if wheel spin was detected, though this was a relatively basic system compared to modern traction control. Cruise control was also available.
Safety Features: Standard safety equipment included anti-lock brakes (ABS), which were a significant advancement for the time. The car featured a robust steel unibody construction. Airbags were not standard equipment in 1991 for this model; driver and passenger airbags became more common in later years of the E34 generation. Crumple zones were designed into the body structure to absorb impact energy. Seatbelts were, of course, standard.
Crash-Test Ratings: Official crash-test ratings from organizations like the NHTSA or IIHS for the 1991 BMW M5 are not readily available in the same comprehensive format as modern vehicles. However, the E34 platform, in general, was considered a safe car for its time, benefiting from BMW's engineering and focus on structural integrity. Its weight and solid construction would have provided a degree of protection in impacts.
What Colors Options are Available?
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In the meantime, feel free to explore the other sections for more content.
In the meantime, feel free to explore the other sections for more content.
1991 BMW M5 Prices and Market Value
When new, the 1991 BMW M5 was a premium vehicle with a sticker price typically ranging from around $60,000 to $70,000 USD, depending on options. This placed it at the higher end of the luxury sports sedan market.
Currently, used market prices for the 1991 BMW M5 can vary significantly based on condition, mileage, maintenance history, and originality. Well-maintained, low-mileage examples in excellent condition can command prices from $25,000 to $50,000+, and sometimes even more for concours-level cars. Average examples in good driver condition might range from $15,000 to $25,000.
Depreciation for the M5 was steep in its initial years, as is typical for luxury performance cars. However, in recent years, the 1991 M5 has moved from a depreciating asset to an appreciating collector's item. Factors affecting resale value include the thoroughness of its maintenance records, the absence of rust, originality of parts, and overall cosmetic and mechanical condition. Enthusiast demand for these iconic, analog driving machines continues to push prices upward for well-preserved examples.
Currently, used market prices for the 1991 BMW M5 can vary significantly based on condition, mileage, maintenance history, and originality. Well-maintained, low-mileage examples in excellent condition can command prices from $25,000 to $50,000+, and sometimes even more for concours-level cars. Average examples in good driver condition might range from $15,000 to $25,000.
Depreciation for the M5 was steep in its initial years, as is typical for luxury performance cars. However, in recent years, the 1991 M5 has moved from a depreciating asset to an appreciating collector's item. Factors affecting resale value include the thoroughness of its maintenance records, the absence of rust, originality of parts, and overall cosmetic and mechanical condition. Enthusiast demand for these iconic, analog driving machines continues to push prices upward for well-preserved examples.
1991 BMW M5 Cost of Ownership
Owning a 1991 BMW M5 is generally considered costly rather than economical. Insurance premiums can be higher due to its performance nature and collector status, often requiring specialized classic car policies. Fuel consumption is on the higher side, typically in the low teens MPG, making it expensive to run daily. Maintenance requires a dedicated approach; regular oil changes with high-quality synthetic oil are essential. Repairs can be costly, as parts are often specialized and labor rates for experienced BMW technicians are significant. While the car's durability is good with proper care, the combined costs of fuel, specialized parts, and expert labor make it an expensive vehicle to maintain over the long term.
1991 BMW M5 Fuel Efficiency
Fuel Type
Gasoline
Fuel Capacity
21.10 gallons
City Mileage
11 miles/gallon
Highway Mileage
20 miles/gallon
1991 BMW M5 Safety Rating
NHTSA
IIHS
1991 BMW M5 Warranty
Basic
Original warranty
0 months / No data
Estimated remaining
Expired
Powertrain
Original warranty
0 months / No data
Estimated remaining
Expired
Rust
Original warranty
0 months / No data
Estimated remaining
Expired
1991 BMW M5 Insurance
Insurance for a 1991 BMW M5 is moderately priced, reflecting its status as a Sedan with strong safety ratings and
reasonable repair costs.
reasonable repair costs.
How Does the 1991 BMW M5 Compare to Other Sedan?
The 1991 BMW M5 competed in a rarefied segment of performance sedans. Its primary rivals included the Mercedes-Benz 500E (or E500) and the Audi S4 (B4).
Performance: The M5's 3.6L inline-six offered a potent, high-revving experience, known for its linear power delivery and sharp handling. The Mercedes 500E, with its 5.0L V8, provided more effortless torque and a more relaxed yet potent acceleration, often feeling heavier. The Audi S4, typically with a 2.2L turbocharged inline-five, offered strong mid-range punch and all-wheel-drive traction, excelling in adverse conditions. In terms of pure driving engagement and communicative steering, the M5 often had an edge.
Features: All three offered luxurious interiors for their time. The M5 was well-equipped with power amenities and the signature M sport suspension. The 500E boasted a handcrafted interior and superior build quality, often seen as more opulent. The S4 provided a more utilitarian yet comfortable cabin, with the added benefit of Quattro all-wheel drive as a key feature. The M5's technological sophistication, like EDC, was a standout.
Reliability: Generally, the M5 and the 500E are known for robust mechanicals when properly maintained, but both can suffer from age-related issues and expensive repairs, particularly complex electronics and cooling systems. The Audi S4, while also well-built, could be prone to turbocharger issues and its complexity could lead to costly repairs. Finding parts for all three can be a challenge, but perhaps most so for the M5 and 500E.
Price: When new, all were very expensive. Today, the 1991 M5 is a desirable collector's item, with prices appreciating for good examples. The Mercedes 500E is also highly sought after and can command similar or higher prices. The Audi S4 tends to be more affordable on the used market, offering a strong performance value.
Alternatives:
* Similar: The Mercedes-Benz 500E is a strong alternative if you prefer V8 power, a more luxurious feel, and impeccable build quality, though it's also expensive to maintain. The Audi S4 (B4) is a good option if all-wheel-drive capability and turbocharged torque are priorities, and you're looking for a slightly more budget-friendly performance sedan.
* Better/Different: For a more modern take on a performance sedan with more advanced technology and safety features, consider a later BMW M3 (E36/E46) or a Porsche 911 (964/993) if outright sports car performance is the goal. For a more refined luxury GT experience, a contemporary Lexus LS 400 offers legendary reliability and comfort but lacks the M5's sporting edge.
Performance: The M5's 3.6L inline-six offered a potent, high-revving experience, known for its linear power delivery and sharp handling. The Mercedes 500E, with its 5.0L V8, provided more effortless torque and a more relaxed yet potent acceleration, often feeling heavier. The Audi S4, typically with a 2.2L turbocharged inline-five, offered strong mid-range punch and all-wheel-drive traction, excelling in adverse conditions. In terms of pure driving engagement and communicative steering, the M5 often had an edge.
Features: All three offered luxurious interiors for their time. The M5 was well-equipped with power amenities and the signature M sport suspension. The 500E boasted a handcrafted interior and superior build quality, often seen as more opulent. The S4 provided a more utilitarian yet comfortable cabin, with the added benefit of Quattro all-wheel drive as a key feature. The M5's technological sophistication, like EDC, was a standout.
Reliability: Generally, the M5 and the 500E are known for robust mechanicals when properly maintained, but both can suffer from age-related issues and expensive repairs, particularly complex electronics and cooling systems. The Audi S4, while also well-built, could be prone to turbocharger issues and its complexity could lead to costly repairs. Finding parts for all three can be a challenge, but perhaps most so for the M5 and 500E.
Price: When new, all were very expensive. Today, the 1991 M5 is a desirable collector's item, with prices appreciating for good examples. The Mercedes 500E is also highly sought after and can command similar or higher prices. The Audi S4 tends to be more affordable on the used market, offering a strong performance value.
Alternatives:
* Similar: The Mercedes-Benz 500E is a strong alternative if you prefer V8 power, a more luxurious feel, and impeccable build quality, though it's also expensive to maintain. The Audi S4 (B4) is a good option if all-wheel-drive capability and turbocharged torque are priorities, and you're looking for a slightly more budget-friendly performance sedan.
* Better/Different: For a more modern take on a performance sedan with more advanced technology and safety features, consider a later BMW M3 (E36/E46) or a Porsche 911 (964/993) if outright sports car performance is the goal. For a more refined luxury GT experience, a contemporary Lexus LS 400 offers legendary reliability and comfort but lacks the M5's sporting edge.
Final Verdict: Is the 1991 BMW M5 a Good Sedan?
The 1991 BMW M5 is ideal for the discerning automotive enthusiast who values raw driving pleasure, an analog connection to the road, and a timeless, understated design. It's a car for those who appreciate engineering purity and are willing to invest in its upkeep.
Whether it's worth buying depends heavily on your priorities and budget. As a collector's item, it's appreciating, making it a potentially sound investment if purchased wisely. Buying used is the only option, and it's crucial to acquire a well-maintained example with a comprehensive service history. Vehicles showing signs of neglect or rust will quickly become money pits. It's not a car for those seeking low-cost, hassle-free daily transportation. However, for the right buyer who can afford its maintenance and enjoys the driving experience, the 1991 M5 remains a rewarding and iconic classic.
Whether it's worth buying depends heavily on your priorities and budget. As a collector's item, it's appreciating, making it a potentially sound investment if purchased wisely. Buying used is the only option, and it's crucial to acquire a well-maintained example with a comprehensive service history. Vehicles showing signs of neglect or rust will quickly become money pits. It's not a car for those seeking low-cost, hassle-free daily transportation. However, for the right buyer who can afford its maintenance and enjoys the driving experience, the 1991 M5 remains a rewarding and iconic classic.
Simon A
Simon is a contributor to VinCheck, where he provides articles and reviews on various automotive topics. His work focuses on delivering accurate and up-to-date information about used cars, helping readers make informed decisions.