The 2018 Audi Q5 represents the second generation of this popular compact luxury SUV. Audi has a long history of blending performance and luxury, and the Q5 embodies this. Offered as a 4-door SUV, the 2018 model came in trims like Premium, Premium Plus, and Prestige. Its popularity stems from its stylish design, comfortable interior, refined driving experience, and advanced technology. New pricing ranged approximately from $41,500 to $55,000.
The Good
The 2018 Audi Q5 offers a compelling blend of advantages. Performance is strong, with responsive handling. Comfort is excellent thanks to a well-appointed cabin. Its sleek design appeals to emotional buyers, while practical buyers appreciate its decent fuel efficiency and overall build quality, even if reliability isn't class-leading. It provides a premium experience at a competitive value.
The Bad
Potential weaknesses of the 2018 Audi Q5 include infotainment system quirks, possible electronic glitches, and higher repair costs compared to some rivals. Some owners have reported issues with the climate control system and MMI interface. Be sure to check service history and conduct a thorough pre-purchase inspection focusing on electronics.
2018 Audi Q5: Quick Overview
- Engine Options: 2.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder.
- Horsepower: 252 hp.
- Fuel Economy:
- EPA estimated 23 mpg city / 27 mpg highway (FWD).
- EPA estimated 22 mpg city / 27 mpg highway (AWD).
- 0-60 Times: Around 5.9 seconds.
- Towing Capacity: 4,400 lbs when properly equipped.
- Trim-Level Features:
- Premium: Leather upholstery, panoramic sunroof, power liftgate, rearview camera, Audi pre sense basic and city, 7-inch infotainment display, Apple CarPlay/Android Auto.
- Premium Plus: Adds blind-spot monitoring, rear cross-traffic alert, Audi virtual cockpit (digital instrument cluster), keyless entry, heated front seats, LED headlights.
- Prestige: Adds navigation, head-up display, Bang & Olufsen sound system, adaptive cruise control, lane keep assist, park assist, top view camera system, heated rear seats.
2018 Audi Q5 Specifications
Vehicle Information
| Year | 2018 |
| Make | Audi |
| Model | Q5 |
| Trim | - |
| Style | - |
| Type | Wagon |
| Category | Minivan Medium Truck |
Manufacturing Details
| Made In | Germany |
| Manufacturing City | GYOR |
Dimensions
| Doors | 4-Door |
| Curb Weight | - |
| Gross Vehicle Weight Rating | - |
| Overall Height | - |
| Overall Length | - |
| Overall Width | - |
| Wheelbase Length | - |
| Standard Seating | 5 |
Engine & Performance
| Engine | 2.0-L I4 |
| Engine Size | 2L |
| Engine Cylinders | 4 |
| Transmission | 7-Speed Automatic |
| Transmission Type | Automatic |
| Transmission Speeds | 7-Speed |
| Drivetrain | All-Wheel Drive |
Additional Features
| Anti-Brake System | Standard |
| Steering Type | - |
Pricing
| Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price (MSRP) | - |
| Invoice Price | - |
| Delivery Charges | - |
Vehicle History Report
Vehicle
Specifications
Specifications
Ownership
History
History
All History
Events
Events
NMVTIS Title
History Check
History Check
Salvage/Rebuilt
Check
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Accident
Check
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Theft
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Open Lien
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Past Sale
Listings
Listings
Safety
Recalls
Recalls
Odometer
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Market Price
Analysis
Analysis
What Problems Does the 2018 Audi Q5 Have?
The 2018 Audi Q5 has experienced some frequently reported problems. Several owners have noted issues with the infotainment system freezing or malfunctioning, requiring software updates or, in some cases, hardware replacements. Another area of concern has been the climate control system, with reports of inconsistent temperature regulation.
Recalls for the 2018 Q5 have included concerns related to the fuel system and potential fire hazards. It's important to check the vehicle's VIN for outstanding recalls.
Long-term reliability can be a concern for some owners, particularly regarding the complexity of the electronics. While the engine is generally considered reliable, components like sensors and control modules may require attention over time. Oil consumption can also be a concern in some instances. Prospective buyers should obtain a thorough pre-purchase inspection from a qualified mechanic experienced with Audi vehicles to assess the condition of these components.
Recalls for the 2018 Q5 have included concerns related to the fuel system and potential fire hazards. It's important to check the vehicle's VIN for outstanding recalls.
Long-term reliability can be a concern for some owners, particularly regarding the complexity of the electronics. While the engine is generally considered reliable, components like sensors and control modules may require attention over time. Oil consumption can also be a concern in some instances. Prospective buyers should obtain a thorough pre-purchase inspection from a qualified mechanic experienced with Audi vehicles to assess the condition of these components.
How long will the 2018 Audi Q5 last?
With proper maintenance, a 2018 Audi Q5 can realistically achieve 150,000-200,000 miles or 10-13 years of service. Regular oil changes, timely fluid replacements (transmission, brake, coolant), and adherence to the factory maintenance schedule are crucial.
Long-term durability can be affected by the vehicle's complex electronics. Potential weaknesses include degradation of rubber components (hoses, bushings), wear of suspension components, and potential issues with the turbocharger. Addressing minor issues promptly can prevent them from escalating into more costly repairs.
Long-term durability can be affected by the vehicle's complex electronics. Potential weaknesses include degradation of rubber components (hoses, bushings), wear of suspension components, and potential issues with the turbocharger. Addressing minor issues promptly can prevent them from escalating into more costly repairs.
What Technology & Safety Features are Included?
The 2018 Audi Q5 boasts a comprehensive suite of technology features. Standard tech includes a 7-inch infotainment display with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto, Bluetooth connectivity, and Audi pre sense basic and city.
Entertainment: The Premium trim has a standard sound system, while higher trims offer the Bang & Olufsen sound system for an enhanced audio experience. Navigation is available on the Prestige trim.
Driver-Assistance: Standard safety features include a rearview camera and Audi pre sense city (automatic emergency braking). Optional features (available on higher trims) include blind-spot monitoring, rear cross-traffic alert, adaptive cruise control, lane keep assist, and park assist.
Safety: The 2018 Audi Q5 received excellent crash-test ratings from both the NHTSA and IIHS. The IIHS awarded it a Top Safety Pick+ rating. Safety features include multiple airbags, electronic stability control, and anti-lock brakes. The virtual cockpit, standard on Premium Plus and Prestige, enhances driver awareness by displaying crucial information directly in the instrument cluster.
Entertainment: The Premium trim has a standard sound system, while higher trims offer the Bang & Olufsen sound system for an enhanced audio experience. Navigation is available on the Prestige trim.
Driver-Assistance: Standard safety features include a rearview camera and Audi pre sense city (automatic emergency braking). Optional features (available on higher trims) include blind-spot monitoring, rear cross-traffic alert, adaptive cruise control, lane keep assist, and park assist.
Safety: The 2018 Audi Q5 received excellent crash-test ratings from both the NHTSA and IIHS. The IIHS awarded it a Top Safety Pick+ rating. Safety features include multiple airbags, electronic stability control, and anti-lock brakes. The virtual cockpit, standard on Premium Plus and Prestige, enhances driver awareness by displaying crucial information directly in the instrument cluster.
What Colors Options are Available?
Exterior Colors
Brilliant Black
Ibis White
Mythos Black Metallic
Manhattan Gray Metallic
Navarra Blue Metallic
Matador Red Metallic
Moonlight Blue Metallic
Florett Silver Metallic
Nougat Brown Metallic
Interior Colors
Black interior
Rock Gray interior
Nougat Brown interior
2018 Audi Q5 Prices and Market Value
The 2018 Audi Q5 had a starting MSRP around $41,500, with higher trims reaching upwards of $55,000. Current used market prices range from approximately $20,000 to $35,000, depending on condition, mileage, and trim level. Depreciation is moderate for a luxury SUV. Factors affecting resale value include the vehicle's condition, maintenance history, mileage, and the presence of desirable options like the Bang & Olufsen sound system and driver-assistance packages. Lower mileage examples with clean titles command higher prices.
2018 Audi Q5 Cost of Ownership
The 2018 Audi Q5 is moderately costly to own long-term. Insurance premiums are typical for a luxury SUV. Fuel costs are reasonable thanks to its fuel-efficient engine. However, maintenance and repair costs can be higher compared to non-luxury brands. Servicing requires specialized knowledge and parts can be expensive. Budgeting for potential repairs, especially related to the electronics and complex systems, is crucial for long-term ownership.
2018 Audi Q5 Fuel Efficiency
Fuel Type
Gasoline
Fuel Capacity
-
City Mileage
-
Highway Mileage
-
2018 Audi Q5 Safety Rating
NHTSA
2018 Audi Q5 Recalls & Defects
AIR Bags:frontal:driver Side:inflator Module
Recall date
2016-12-29
Recall no.
16v955000
Source
NHTSA
Summary
Volkswagen Group OF America, Inc. (Volkswagen) IS Recalling Certain Model Year 2017 Audi A7, A4, A6, Volkswagen Golf and Tiguan Vehicles and 2016 Volkswagen E-Golf Vehicles FOR Driver Frontal AIR Bags, Passenger Frontal AIR Bags or Head AIR Bags That MAY NOT Deploy Properly. Additionally, Certain 2017 Audi Q7, A4 Sedan, A4 Allroad, and 2018 Audi Q5 Vehicles ARE Being Recalled Because THE Seat Belt Pretensioners MAY NOT Activate Properly.
Consequence
IN THE Event OF A Crash, IF THE AIR Bags And/Or THE Seat Belt Pretensioners DO NOT Inflate or Function Properly, THE Vehicle Occupants Have AN Increased Risk OF Injury.
Remedy
Volkswagen and Audi Will Notify Owners, and Dealers Will Replace THE Affected AIR Bags and Seat Belt Pretensioners, Free OF Charge. THE Recall Began April 2017. Owners MAY Contact Volkswagen Customer Service AT 1-800-893-5298 or Audi Customer Service AT 1-800-253-2834.
Notes
Owners MAY Also Contact THE National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline AT 1-888-327-4236 (Tty 1-800-424-9153), or GO TO Www.safercar.gov.
AIR Bags:side/Window
Recall date
2016-12-29
Recall no.
16v955000
Source
NHTSA
Summary
Volkswagen Group OF America, Inc. (Volkswagen) IS Recalling Certain Model Year 2017 Audi A7, A4, A6, Volkswagen Golf and Tiguan Vehicles and 2016 Volkswagen E-Golf Vehicles FOR Driver Frontal AIR Bags, Passenger Frontal AIR Bags or Head AIR Bags That MAY NOT Deploy Properly. Additionally, Certain 2017 Audi Q7, A4 Sedan, A4 Allroad, and 2018 Audi Q5 Vehicles ARE Being Recalled Because THE Seat Belt Pretensioners MAY NOT Activate Properly.
Consequence
IN THE Event OF A Crash, IF THE AIR Bags And/Or THE Seat Belt Pretensioners DO NOT Inflate or Function Properly, THE Vehicle Occupants Have AN Increased Risk OF Injury.
Remedy
Volkswagen and Audi Will Notify Owners, and Dealers Will Replace THE Affected AIR Bags and Seat Belt Pretensioners, Free OF Charge. THE Recall Began April 2017. Owners MAY Contact Volkswagen Customer Service AT 1-800-893-5298 or Audi Customer Service AT 1-800-253-2834.
Notes
Owners MAY Also Contact THE National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline AT 1-888-327-4236 (Tty 1-800-424-9153), or GO TO Www.safercar.gov.
AIR Bags:frontal:passenger Side:inflator Module
Recall date
2016-12-29
Recall no.
16v955000
Source
NHTSA
Summary
Volkswagen Group OF America, Inc. (Volkswagen) IS Recalling Certain Model Year 2017 Audi A7, A4, A6, Volkswagen Golf and Tiguan Vehicles and 2016 Volkswagen E-Golf Vehicles FOR Driver Frontal AIR Bags, Passenger Frontal AIR Bags or Head AIR Bags That MAY NOT Deploy Properly. Additionally, Certain 2017 Audi Q7, A4 Sedan, A4 Allroad, and 2018 Audi Q5 Vehicles ARE Being Recalled Because THE Seat Belt Pretensioners MAY NOT Activate Properly.
Consequence
IN THE Event OF A Crash, IF THE AIR Bags And/Or THE Seat Belt Pretensioners DO NOT Inflate or Function Properly, THE Vehicle Occupants Have AN Increased Risk OF Injury.
Remedy
Volkswagen and Audi Will Notify Owners, and Dealers Will Replace THE Affected AIR Bags and Seat Belt Pretensioners, Free OF Charge. THE Recall Began April 2017. Owners MAY Contact Volkswagen Customer Service AT 1-800-893-5298 or Audi Customer Service AT 1-800-253-2834.
Notes
Owners MAY Also Contact THE National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline AT 1-888-327-4236 (Tty 1-800-424-9153), or GO TO Www.safercar.gov.
Seat Belts:pretensioner
Recall date
2016-12-29
Recall no.
16v955000
Source
NHTSA
Summary
Volkswagen Group OF America, Inc. (Volkswagen) IS Recalling Certain Model Year 2017 Audi A7, A4, A6, Volkswagen Golf and Tiguan Vehicles and 2016 Volkswagen E-Golf Vehicles FOR Driver Frontal AIR Bags, Passenger Frontal AIR Bags or Head AIR Bags That MAY NOT Deploy Properly. Additionally, Certain 2017 Audi Q7, A4 Sedan, A4 Allroad, and 2018 Audi Q5 Vehicles ARE Being Recalled Because THE Seat Belt Pretensioners MAY NOT Activate Properly.
Consequence
IN THE Event OF A Crash, IF THE AIR Bags And/Or THE Seat Belt Pretensioners DO NOT Inflate or Function Properly, THE Vehicle Occupants Have AN Increased Risk OF Injury.
Remedy
Volkswagen and Audi Will Notify Owners, and Dealers Will Replace THE Affected AIR Bags and Seat Belt Pretensioners, Free OF Charge. THE Recall Began April 2017. Owners MAY Contact Volkswagen Customer Service AT 1-800-893-5298 or Audi Customer Service AT 1-800-253-2834.
Notes
Owners MAY Also Contact THE National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline AT 1-888-327-4236 (Tty 1-800-424-9153), or GO TO Www.safercar.gov.
Service Brakes, Hydraulic:foundation Components:disc:caliper
Recall date
2018-06-01
Recall no.
18v369000
Source
NHTSA
Summary
Volkswagen Group OF America, Inc. (Volkswagen) IS Recalling Certain 2018 Volkswagen Atlas, Passat, Beetle, Beetle Convertible, Golf, Golf Sportwagen and GTI and Audi Q5 and SQ5 Vehicles. THE Brake Caliper Pistons ON These Vehicles MAY Have Insufficient Coating, Potentially Reducing THE Brake Performance.
Consequence
A Reduction OF Braking Performance CAN Increase THE Risk OF A Crash.
Remedy
Volkswagen and Audi Will Notify Their Owners. Audi Dealers Will Bleed THE Rear Brakes. Volkswagen Dealers Will Bleed THE Front and Rear Brake Calipers. Note: Owners ARE Advised NOT TO Drive Their Vehicles Until THE Brake System HAS Been Checked. THE Recall Began June 29, 2018. Owners MAY Contact Volkswagen Customer Service AT 1-800-893-5298 and Audi Customer Service AT 1-800-253-2834. Volkswagen's Numbers FOR This Recall ARE 47n8, 47n9, and 47n6.
Notes
Owners MAY Also Contact THE National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline AT 1-888-327-4236 (Tty 1-800-424-9153), or GO TO Www.safercar.gov.
Wheels:hub
Recall date
2019-06-05
Recall no.
19v416000
Source
NHTSA
Summary
Volkswagen Group OF America, Inc. (Volkswagen) IS Recalling Certain 2018-2019 Audi Q5 and SQ5 Vehicles. THE Wheel Arch Cover Trim MAY Loosen and Detach.
Consequence
THE Detached Trim MAY Become A Road Hazard, Increasing THE Risk OF Crash.
Remedy
Volkswagen Will Notify Owners, and Dealers Will Secure THE Wheel Arch Trim With AN Additional Screw and Nut, Free OF Charge. THE Recall Began July 26, 2019. Owners MAY Contact Volkswagen Customer AT 1-800-253-2834. Volkswagen's Number FOR This Recall IS 66k6.
Notes
Owners MAY Also Contact THE National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline AT 1-888-327-4236 (Tty 1-800-424-9153), or GO TO Www.safercar.gov.
Structure:body
Recall date
2019-10-16
Recall no.
19v737000
Source
NHTSA
Summary
Volkswagen Group OF America, Inc. (Audi) IS Recalling Certain 2018-2019 Audi SQ5 and 2018-2020 Audi Q5 Vehicles. THE Rear Wheel Arch Cover Trim MAY Loosen and Detach From THE Vehicle.
Consequence
THE Detached Trim MAY Become A Road Hazard, Increasing THE Risk OF Crash.
Remedy
Audi Will Notify Owners, and Dealers Will Replace THE Four Clips Securing THE Forward Part OF THE Rear Wheel Arch Trim, Free OF Charge. THE Recall Began November 1, 2019. Owners MAY Contact Audi Customer Service AT 1-800-253-2834. Audi's Number FOR This Recall IS 66k8.
Notes
Owners MAY Also Contact THE National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline AT 1-888-327-4236 (Tty 1-800-424-9153), or GO TO Www.safercar.gov.
Service Brakes, Hydraulic:foundation Components:master Cylinder
Recall date
2019-04-08
Recall no.
19v277000
Source
NHTSA
Summary
Volkswagen Group OF America, Inc. (Audi) IS Recalling Certain 2018-2019 Audi Q5 and SQ5 Vehicles. THE Brake Master Cylinder Casting MAY BE TOO Short.
Consequence
A Short Casting CAN Cause A Sudden Loss OF Brakes, Increasing THE Risk OF Crash. THE Electronic Parking Brake and ITS Emergency Brake Function ARE NOT Affected and Will Still Function.
Remedy
Audi HAS Notified Owners, and Dealers Will Inspect THE Brake Master Cylinder, Replacing IT AS Necessary, Free OF Charge. THE Recall Began MAY 3, 2019. Owners MAY Contact Audi Customer Service AT 1-800-253-2834. Audi's Number FOR This Recall IS 47o9.
Notes
Owners MAY Also Contact THE National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline AT 1-888-327-4236 (Tty 1-800-424-9153), or GO TO Www.safercar.gov.
Structure:body
Recall date
2021-12-08
Recall no.
21v947000
Source
NHTSA
Summary
Volkswagen Group OF America, Inc. (Audi) IS Recalling Certain 2021-2022 Q5 Sportback, SQ5 Sportback, 2018-2022 Q5, and SQ5 Vehicles. A Liquid Spill IN THE Rear Seat, or Water Ingress From AN Insufficient Body Seam Underneath THE Vehicle MAY Allow Liquid TO Penetrate THE Gateway Control Module, Causing IT TO Shutdown.
Consequence
A Gateway Control Module Shutdown Will Suddenly Reduce Engine Power, Increasing THE Risk OF A Crash.
Remedy
Dealers Will Install A Protective Cover ON THE Gateway Control Module and Seal AN Underbody Seam AS Necessary, Free OF Charge. Owner Notification Letters Were Mailed January 21, 2022. Owners MAY Contact Audi Customer Service AT 1-800-253-2834. Audi's Number FOR This Recall IS 90s9.
Notes
Owners MAY Also Contact THE National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline AT 1-888-327-4236 (Tty 1-800-424-9153), or GO TO Www.nhtsa.gov.
Electrical System:body Control Module/Bcm
Recall date
2021-12-08
Recall no.
21v947000
Source
NHTSA
Summary
Volkswagen Group OF America, Inc. (Audi) IS Recalling Certain 2021-2022 Q5 Sportback, SQ5 Sportback, 2018-2022 Q5, and SQ5 Vehicles. A Liquid Spill IN THE Rear Seat, or Water Ingress From AN Insufficient Body Seam Underneath THE Vehicle MAY Allow Liquid TO Penetrate THE Gateway Control Module, Causing IT TO Shutdown.
Consequence
A Gateway Control Module Shutdown Will Suddenly Reduce Engine Power, Increasing THE Risk OF A Crash.
Remedy
Dealers Will Install A Protective Cover ON THE Gateway Control Module and Seal AN Underbody Seam AS Necessary, Free OF Charge. Owner Notification Letters Were Mailed January 21, 2022. Owners MAY Contact Audi Customer Service AT 1-800-253-2834. Audi's Number FOR This Recall IS 90s9.
Notes
Owners MAY Also Contact THE National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline AT 1-888-327-4236 (Tty 1-800-424-9153), or GO TO Www.nhtsa.gov.
2018 Audi Q5 Insurance
Insurance for a 2018 Audi Q5 is moderately priced, reflecting its status as a Wagon with strong safety ratings and
reasonable repair costs.
reasonable repair costs.
How Does the 2018 Audi Q5 Compare to Other Wagon?
The 2018 Audi Q5 competes with the BMW X3, Mercedes-Benz GLC, Acura RDX, and Volvo XC60.
Performance: The Q5 offers balanced performance, similar to the X3 and GLC, but the RDX can feel less refined.
Features: The Q5 is well-equipped, especially in higher trims, comparable to its German rivals. The Volvo XC60 offers a unique Scandinavian design and advanced safety features.
Reliability: The Q5's reliability is generally good but lags slightly behind the Acura RDX. The X3 and GLC have similar reliability scores.
Price: The Q5's price is competitive within its class, falling between the RDX (more affordable) and the X3/GLC (potentially more expensive).
Alternatives: If reliability is a top priority, the Acura RDX is a strong contender. For a sportier driving experience, the BMW X3 is a good choice. If you prioritize distinctive styling and advanced safety tech, the Volvo XC60 is worth considering. The Mercedes-Benz GLC offers a luxurious interior and smooth ride.
Performance: The Q5 offers balanced performance, similar to the X3 and GLC, but the RDX can feel less refined.
Features: The Q5 is well-equipped, especially in higher trims, comparable to its German rivals. The Volvo XC60 offers a unique Scandinavian design and advanced safety features.
Reliability: The Q5's reliability is generally good but lags slightly behind the Acura RDX. The X3 and GLC have similar reliability scores.
Price: The Q5's price is competitive within its class, falling between the RDX (more affordable) and the X3/GLC (potentially more expensive).
Alternatives: If reliability is a top priority, the Acura RDX is a strong contender. For a sportier driving experience, the BMW X3 is a good choice. If you prioritize distinctive styling and advanced safety tech, the Volvo XC60 is worth considering. The Mercedes-Benz GLC offers a luxurious interior and smooth ride.
Ranks #842 SUV
| 1 | 2023 Toyota 4Runner | (5.0★) |
| 2 | 2023 Honda CR-V Hybrid | (5.0★) |
| 3 | 2023 Lexus GX | (0.0★) |
| 4 | 2024 Mazda CX-90 PHEV | (0.0★) |
| 5 | 2024 Subaru Crosstrek | (5.0★) |
| 6 | 2024 BMW iX | (0.0★) |
| 7 | 2023 Ford Bronco Sport | (5.0★) |
| 8 | 2023 Mercedes-Benz EQB | (0.0★) |
| 9 | 2024 Chevrolet Trax | (5.0★) |
| 10 | 2023 Audi A4 allroad | (0.0★) |
| 11 | 2023 Hyundai Kona N | (0.0★) |
| 12 | 2023 Nissan ARIYA | (5.0★) |
| 842 | 2018 Audi Q5 | (0.0★) |
Final Verdict: Is the 2018 Audi Q5 a Good Wagon?
The 2018 Audi Q5 is a well-rounded luxury SUV ideal for buyers seeking a stylish, comfortable, and tech-savvy vehicle. It's worth buying if you appreciate German engineering and don't mind potentially higher maintenance costs. A used 2018 Q5 can be a good value, especially if it has a comprehensive service history. The Premium Plus trim offers a good balance of features and price. Prioritize a thorough pre-purchase inspection to identify any potential issues, particularly regarding electronics and past recall work, to ensure long-term satisfaction.
Cathleen V
Cathleen is an exceptional freelance writer covering hot topics in the automotive world from a gearhead's perspective. Her articles delve into various aspects of automotive technology and history, offering readers detailed insights into engine performance, reliability, and maintenance. Through her engaging and informative writing, Cathleen provides valuable information to automotive enthusiasts and consumers alike, helping them make informed decisions about vehicle maintenance and purchases.